{"id":2106,"date":"2025-12-05T17:30:41","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T10:30:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nutrispices.com\/?p=2106"},"modified":"2025-12-09T17:40:10","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T10:40:10","slug":"cao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nutrispices.com\/vi\/nutrinews\/nutricles\/cao\/","title":{"rendered":"Khoa h\u1ecdc\u00a0v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1o nh\u1eb9 trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. D\u1ecdc theo th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9t, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0i chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ti\u1ebft ra ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ru\u1ed9t. L\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y n\u00e0y l\u00e0m tr\u01a1n l\u00e1ng ru\u1ed9t, l\u00e0m h\u1ed7n d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau h\u00f3a di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ru\u1ed9t kh\u1ecfi ma s\u00e1t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng cho l\u1ee3i khu\u1ea9n. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 nh\u1edbt, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng nh\u1ea7y d\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ru\u1ed9t, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t qua ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c axit amin v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o. C\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng nh\u1ea7y trong l\u00f2ng ru\u1ed9t thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. \u1ede \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt non, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhung mao ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. M\u1ed9t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i sinh, do \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 axit amin v\u1ed1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i ra nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y h\u01a1n. Theo th\u1eddi gian, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 ru\u1ed9t v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng k\u00e9m h\u01a1n, quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y th\u00f4ng qua k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n
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\"c\u1ea1o\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i x\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng tan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t th\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee9ng, t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng l\u00ean ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ru\u1ed9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhu \u0111\u1ed9ng ru\u1ed9t. L\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp nh\u1ea7y n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i b\u00e1m v\u00e0o nhung mao. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ru\u1ed9t. Khi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea1o n\u00e0y c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec l\u1edbp nh\u1ea7y m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n, m\u1edbi h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y d\u01b0 th\u1eeba:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y gi\u00e0u glycoprotein v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n. Khi ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y t\u00edch t\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c axit amin v\u00e0 axit b\u00e9o. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0o nh\u1eb9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ea5p thu. \u0110o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea5p thu ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. B\u00f3c t\u00e1ch vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 E. coli<\/em> ho\u1eb7c Clostridium perfringens,<\/em> b\u00e1m v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u00f3 trong ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i x\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y, r\u00fat \u200b\u200bng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n sinh \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u1edf heo con ho\u1eb7c g\u00e0 th\u1ecbt, khi h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. K\u00edch th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ru\u1ed9t non m\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed1c tuy\u1ebfn (crypts). S\u1ef1 tr\u1ebb h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec chi\u1ec1u cao nhung mao, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u, c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ebft sinh l\u00fd, duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea1o tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c trong dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n sinh l\u00fd. Khi ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 qu\u00e1 th\u00f4, qu\u00e1 s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u00ean ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Thay v\u00ec k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u nhung mao v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 qua c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 axit amin v\u00e0 lipid. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp nh\u1ea7y d\u00e0y h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ee9c \u0103n cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ru\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i b\u00e3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u00f4 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cao v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i m\u00e0i m\u00f2n nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng silica \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n